Kicking for Points

How does one score points by kicking a ball in the various games around the world?

Soccer / Futbol /
Association Football

• Goal (1 point) - ball must fully pass between the goal posts and under the crossbar.
• Own Goal (1 point) - does not directly result from kicking, but is often an indirect result after a kick. An an own goal occurs when player causes the ball to go into his or her own team's goal, resulting in a goal being scored for the opposition.

Rugby Union

• Conversion Kick (2 points) - attempted following the scoring of a Try, the place kicked or drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Penalty Kick (3 points) - an attempt awarded following an infraction by the opposition, the place kicked or drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Field Goal, a.k.a. Drop Goal (3 points) - attempted by a player who must be onsides and in the field of play, the drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.

Rugby League

• Conversion Kick (2 points) - attempted following the scoring of a Try, the place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Penalty Kick (2 points) - an attempt awarded following an infraction by the opposition, the place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Field Goal, a.k.a. Drop Goal (1 point) - attempted by a player during play, the drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.

American Football (outdoors)

• Field Goal (3 points) - The place kicked, drop kicked, or free kicked ball must pass between the goal posts (uprights) and above the crossbar. This attempt can occur on any down from anywhere on the field, although it typically occurs on fourth down and when within the the distance range of the kicker.
• PAT (Point After Touchdown), a.k.a. "extra point" (1 point) - following a touchdown, a team may opt for this attempt (or for a two point conversion involving running or passing the ball). The place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts (uprights) and above the crossbar.

American Football (arena)

• Field Goal (3 points) - The place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Field Goal (4 points) - The drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Post-Touchdown Conversion (1 point) - The place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar. 
•  Post-Touchdown Conversion (2 points) - following a touchdown, a team may opt for this attempt (or for a two point conversion involving running or passing the ball). The drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar

Canadian Football

• Field Goal (3 points) - The place kicked or drop kicked ball must pass between the goal posts (uprights) and above the crossbar.
• Convert (1 point) - Following a touchdown, a team may opt for this attempt (or for a two point conversion involving running or passing the ball). The place kicked ball must pass between the goal posts and above the crossbar.
• Single, a.k.a. Rouge (1 point) - Scored when the ball becomes dead in the possession of a team in its own goal area, or when the ball touches or crosses the dead-line, or side-line-in-goal, and touches the ground, a player, or some object beyond these lines as a result of the ball having been kicked (e.g. punt, kickoff, or missed field goal) from the field of play into the goal area by the scoring team.

Australian Rules Football

• Goal (6 points) - The kicked ball must pass between the goal posts at any height, either on the fly or bouncing through, but must not have been touched along the way by any player from either team.
• Super Goal (9 points) - similar to a goal except that it must be kicked from beyond 50 meters away, and it is only applicable in the pre-season competition.
• Behind (1 point) - Scored when a kicked ball passes between a goal post and a behind post at any height, or if the ball hits a goal post, or if an attacking player sends the ball between the goal posts by touching it with any part of the body other than a foot, or if the ball touches any part of an opposition player (including his foot) before passing between the goal posts.

Kickball

• Scoring in kickball does not directly result from kicking, but can occur indirectly after kicking from base running
• Run (1 run): A run scores when a runner touches home plate before the third out is made, except that no run can score when the third out is made during a force play situation, or when the kicker is put out before touching first base.

Note: If there is a sport that should be added to this list, please let me know.